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Sarah Murnaghan lung transplant controversy
The Sarah Murnaghan lung transplant controversy began in late May 2013, when the parents of a ten-year-old Philadelphia area girl with cystic fibrosis, Sarah Murnaghan, launched a campaign to change the "under-12" policy of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), which they asserted was "age discrimination". Her plight received considerable media attention, particularly because Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services, refused to intervene to grant an exception to the rule.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sarah Murnaghan: 'We're going to let a kid die over red tape': Distraught mom speaks out after health secretary refuses to overrule regulation to help save 10-year-old girl with weeks to live – Mail Online )〕
==Background==
The system organizing lung transplants in the United States was overhauled in 2004 and again in 2008. The system gives those over the age of twelve a lung allocation score, which is used to prioritize patients for transplant based partially on the urgency of their need. However, children under twelve are granted lungs on a first-come, first-served basis.〔 In addition, there are far fewer donor lungs available for children under the age of twelve than there are for adults - between 10 and 20 as opposed to 1,700 in a given year.〔 Sarah Murnaghan's parents argued that she needed a lung transplant or else she would die in a matter of weeks but that this was not possible because existing rules give higher priority for adult donor lungs to children who are at least twelve years old. Specifically, her parents argued that she only had a few weeks to live but under current UNOS transplant policy did not qualify for adult donor lungs even though it is now possible to downsize adult lungs for transplantation into children.
Kathleen Sebelius refused to grant an exception to the rule. In response to Sebelius's argument that a review of the policies would need to take place before the rule can be changed, Tom Price argued that such a process would take an entire year to complete and that the girl would be dead by that time. At the time of her transplant in June 2013 Murnaghan had been waiting on the transplant list for about eighteen months.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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